the leaves are antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, cardiotonic, contraceptive, diuretic, poultice, sedative and tonic. a decoction is used in the treatment of skin diseases, as a gargle and a wash for the eyes. it is used internally in the treatment of epilepsy and other nervous afflictions. the leaves are harvested in mid to late summer and can be used fresh or dried. the plant contains arbutin, a proven diuretic and antibacterial agent that is used as a urinary antiseptic, this hydrolyzes in the body into the toxic hydroquinone.